Japanese Military Aircraft Designations (after 1945)

Copyright © 2001-2004 Andreas Parsch

1 Japanese Aircraft Designation System

2 Designation Listing

3 Missiles

4 Serial Number System

1 Japanese Aircraft Designation System

Japan designates its aircraft in a way very similar to the U.S. A type letter designating the primary mission of the aircraft is followed by a sequential number. The following type letters are used:

Only types of Japanese origin receive designations in the appropriate sequence. Others use either the orginal U.S. designation, the manufacturer's designation, or a designation composed of a type letter and a number derived from the manufacturer's designation. Examples for the latter are the U-4 (Gulfstream IV) and U-36A (Learjet 36).

The type letters can also be used as prefixes to indicate a modified mission.

2 Designation Listing

This listing contains only Japanese aircraft, which get numbers in the proper sequence.

C - Cargo

Designation

Manufacturer

Model; Remarks

C-1

Kawasaki

 

F - Fighter

Designation

Manufacturer

Model; Remarks

F-1

Mitsubishi

 

F-2

Mitsubishi

Formerly FS-X

H - Helicopter

Designation

Manufacturer

Model; Remarks

OH-1

Kawasaki

Formerly OH-X

S - Search & Rescue

Designation

Manufacturer

Model; Remarks

US-1

Shinmaywa

Amphibian

T - Trainer

Designation

Manufacturer

Model; Remarks

T-1

Fuji

 

T-2

Mitsubishi

Two-seat version of F-1

T-3

Fuji

Model KM-2

T-4

Kawasaki

 

T-5

Fuji

Model KM-2D

(T-6)

Not assigned (probably to avoid confusion with U.S. T-6 - both of them ;-)!)

T-7

Fuji

 

3 Missiles

The Japanese Military uses a very simple designation system for indegeniuos missiles. A 3-letter indicator for the missile type is followed by a sequential number. Each missile type uses its own sequence. Type designators are:

When entering operational service, most missiles get an additional "Type nn" designation, with nn being the last two digits of the year when the missile entered service (e.g. "Type 90" for the AAM-3, which became operational in 1990). These type designations are often used instead of the xxM numbers. Anti-tank missiles also have a "KAM" industrial designation.

Designation

Manufacturer

Remarks

AAM-1

Mitsubishi

Short-range IR-guided AAM, very similar to Sidewinder; produced in small numbers

AAM-2

Mitsubishi

Improved AAM-1 with all-aspect seeker; not produced

AAM-3

Mitsubishi

Type 90; improved AAM-2, similar in performance to AIM-9L Sidewinder

AAM-4

Mitsubishi

Type 99; medium-range AAM with active laser homing to replace AIM-7

AAM-5

Mitsubishi

New short-range IR-guided AAM development to replace AAM-3 and AIM-9

ASM-1

Mitsubishi

Type 80; inertial/radar-active guided anti-ship missile
ASM-1C (Type 91) is an air-launched derivative of turbojet-powered SSM-1

ASM-2

Mitsubishi

Type 93; air-launched SSM-2; IIR (Imaging Infrared) guided derivative of SSM-1 for use with F-2

ASM-3

Mitsubishi

Supersonic ramjet-powered follow-on missile project

ATM-1

Kawasaki

Type 64 (generally known as 64MAT), KAM-3; wire-guided anti-tank missile

ATM-2

Kawasaki

Type 79 Jyu-MAT (Jyu = heavy), KAM-9; wire-guided anti-landing craft/anti-tank missile; improved KAM-3D (ATM-1)

ATM-3

Kawasaki

Type 87 Chu-MAT (Chu = medium), KAM-40; laser-guided medium range anti-tank missile

ATM-4

Kawasaki

Type 96 MPMS (Multi-Purpose Missile System), KAM-20; fiber-optical TV/IIR guided anti-landing craft/anti-tank missile; successor to ATM-2

ATM-5

Kawasaki

Type 01; short-range portable fire-and-forget light anti-tank missile

ATM-6

Kawasaki

Shin-Chu-MAT (Shin = new); projected follow-on to ATM-3

SAM-1

Toshiba

Type 81 Tan-SAM (Tan = short); short-range mobile SAM system

SAM-2

Toshiba

Type 91 Kin-SAM (Kin = near); man-portable SAM

SAM-3

Toshiba

Type 93; derivative of SAM-2 for use as mobile (8-missile laucnhers) point-defense missile

SSM-1

Mitsubishi

Type 88; turbojet-powered derivative of ASM-1 for coastal defense
SSM-1B (Type 90) is a navalized SSM-1

SSM-2

Mitsubishi

IIR (Imaging Infrared) guided derivative of SSM-1; in development

4 Serial Number System

[This section was contributed by Jos Heyman.]

Air Force

Aircraft of the Japanese Air Self Defense Force (JASDF) carry a six digit serial, such as Lockheed Hercules 45-1073. In this serial

Digit

Type

1

Curtiss C-46 Commando
Lockheed T-33
Beech (Fuji) T-34
Sikorsky (Mitsubishi) H-19C
Fuji KM-2 (T-3)
Raytheon T-400

2

North American T-6 Texan
North American F-86F Sabre
Vertol H-21B
McDonnellDouglas (Mitsubishi) F-15
Hawker 800XP (U-125A)
NAMC YS-11

3

North American RT-28B
De Havilland DH-115 Vampire
Beech A65
Sikorsky (Mitsubishi) S-62J
Mitsubishi F-2
Mitsubishi MU-2

4

North American F-86D
Boeing Vertol (Kawasaki) KV-107
Grumman E-2C Hawkeye
Boeing E-767

5

Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Fuji T-1
Grumman Gulfstream IV (U-4)

6

Lockheed (Mitsubishi) F-104 Starfighter
Kawasaki KA-851 (T-4)
Fuji T-7

7

McDonnell (Mitsubishi) F-4 Phantom
McDonnell (Mitsubishi) RF-4 Phantom
Boeing Vertol CH-47

8

Kawasaki C-1
Sikorsky UH-60

9

Mitsubishi T-2
British Aerospace 125-800

0

Kawasaki KAL-2
Mitsubishi F-1
Boeing 747

JASDF Type Digits

 

Digit

Role

1

Transport

2

 

3

Miscellaneous

4

Helicopters

5

Training

6

Tactical reconnaissance

7

Tactical fighter

8

Tactical fighter

9

 

0

Prototype

JASDF Role Digits

Navy

The aircraft of the Japanese Marine Self Defense Force (JMSDF) carry a four digital serial, such as Grumman UF-2 Albatross 9051. In this serial

Digit

Role

1

 

2

ASW (single-engined)

3

 

4

ASW (two-engined)

5

ASW (four-engined)

6

Trainer

7

Communications, trainer

8

Helicopter

9

Utility, transport, liaison

0

 

JMSDF Role Digits

Army

Aircraft of the Japanese Ground Self Defense Force (JGSDF) carry a five digit serial numbers on the nose and the last four digits preceded by JG- on the tail, such as 41501 (JG-1501), a Fuji-Bell UH-1B. In this serial

Digit

Role

1

Fixed wing - liaison and observation

2

Fixed wing - miscellaneous

3

Helicopter - scout and reconnaissance

4

Helicopter - utility

5

Helicopter - transport

6

Helicopter - training

7

Helicopter - tactical support

8

Fixed wing - training

9

 

0

Special transport

JGSDF Role Digits




Comments and corrections to: Andreas Parsch

 

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Last Updated: 16 March 2004